In Windows 10 is it possible to arrange virtual desktops in a grid with multiple rows and columns as I can on linux?

Here's one way.

Windows 10 Desktop Switcher using a grid layout Switch desktops using arrow keys with configurable modifier keys

https://sourceforge.net/projects/virtual-desktop-grid-switcher/

As per @demented hedgehog answer, VirtualDesktopGridSwitcher will work out for Windows 10. I managed to get the last version (2.4.0.0 at the time of writing) to work on Windows 10 (Version 10.0.17134 Build 17134).

The application is not very configurable for now, so does not allow customized key bindings for desktop switch, move windows, etc. But alternative alias key bindings can be achieved using AutoHotKey with a minimal little script of aliases. I paste my key-binding alias script at the end, which is based on VIM motion (j,k,h,l) to switch desktops/move windows.

The application default icons are based on a 3x3 grid layout, so if you require a different layout you would probably prefer to change those default icon set with something from here: https://virtuawin.sourceforge.io/?page_id=48 (I use a 2x2 grid, so icons are available) or you could provide your own icons. Just need to place the icons into the application Icons folder and name it from 1.ico to n.ico.

Regarding that, it is usable and works! It could be improved but it solves the problem of desktop layout and desktop switching/window moving using strictly the keyboard.

; AutoHotKey script

; Uncomment the next line if you don't want this script appearing in your system tray
;#NoTrayIcon

; Read this for more details and keys:
; https://www.autohotkey.com/docs/Hotkeys.htm

; Switch desktop aliases (using Ctrl-Alt + VIM motion key)

^!l::^!Right
^!h::^!Left
^!j::^!Down
^!k::^!Up

; Move window aliases (using AltGr + key)

<^>!l::^!+Right
<^>!h::^!+Left
<^>!j::^!+Down
<^>!k::^!+Up
<^>!Right::^!+Right
<^>!Left::^!+Left
<^>!Down::^!+Down
<^>!Up::^!+Up