A somewhat painful triple-nested ternary operator

To my personal taste, a carefully aligned nested ternary beats the if-else mess:

const H =
  C == 0 ? null            :
  V == r ? (g - b) / C     :
  V == g ? (b - r) / C + 2 :
           (r - g) / C + 4 ;

If your JavaScript codebase contains nested ternary statements like the one in question, consider converting the formatting to daisy chained ternary statements instead.

H = (C == 0)           // Is C zero?
    ? null             // Then return `null`, else ...
    : (V == r)         // Is V equal to r?
    ? (g - b) / C      // Then return this value, else ...
    : (V == g)         // Is V equal to g?
    ? (b - r) / C + 2  // Then return this value
    : (r - g) / C + 4; // Otherwise fall back to this default value

They simply read top to bottom in a straight line, returning a value as soon as they hit a truthy condition or the fallback.

–Nested Ternaries are Great, Eric Elliot

I think you can have this to avoid the deep nesting:

var H

if(C == 0){
    H = null;
}
else if(V == r){
    H = (g - b) / C;
}
else if (V == g){
    H = (b - r) / C + 2;
}
else {
    H = (r - g) / C + 4;
}

The same logic can be written in a simpler way:

var H

if (C == 0)
    H = null;
else if (V == r)
    H = (g - b) / C;
else if (V == g)
    H = (b - r) / C + 2;
else
    H = (r - g) / C + 4;

It's possible to omit the curly braces because there's a single statement in each condition. And given that the conditions are mutually exclusive, using else if is much clearer than nesting ifs.