Analytic continuation of a real function

Necessary and sufficient condition for existence of an entire function $g$ extending $f$ to the whole complex plane: $f$ is infinitely differentiable at $0$, and the power series for $f$ at the origin converges to $f$ on the real line.

A counterexample for something more is (as noted in a comment) $f(x) = 1/(1+x^2)$. It is real analytic on the real line, but cannot be extended analytically to any connected region containing both $0$ and either $i$ or $-i$. The power series at $0$ only has radius of convergence $1$.