assets are not loaded in functional test mode
Finally, here's the solution to this problem.
I added this line to my build.sbt file :
For SBT 0.x:
unmanagedResourceDirectories in Test <+= baseDirectory ( _ /"target/web/public/test" )
For SBT 1.x:
unmanagedResourceDirectories in Test += baseDirectory ( _ /"target/web/public/test" ).value
Thanks to @MarkVedder and @JarmoPertman for their great comments who put me on this solution!