background function in Python

Do something like this:

def function_that_downloads(my_args):
    # do some long download here

then inline, do something like this:

import threading
def my_inline_function(some_args):
    # do some stuff
    download_thread = threading.Thread(target=function_that_downloads, name="Downloader", args=some_args)
    download_thread.start()
    # continue doing stuff

You may want to check if the thread has finished before going on to other things by calling download_thread.isAlive()

Typically the way to do this would be to use a thread pool and queue downloads which would issue a signal, a.k.a an event, when that task has finished processing. You can do this within the scope of the threading module Python provides.

To perform said actions, I would use event objects and the Queue module.

However, a quick and dirty demonstration of what you can do using a simple threading.Thread implementation can be seen below:

import os
import threading
import time
import urllib2


class ImageDownloader(threading.Thread):

    def __init__(self, function_that_downloads):
        threading.Thread.__init__(self)
        self.runnable = function_that_downloads
        self.daemon = True

    def run(self):
        self.runnable()


def downloads():
    with open('somefile.html', 'w+') as f:
        try:
            f.write(urllib2.urlopen('http://google.com').read())
        except urllib2.HTTPError:
            f.write('sorry no dice')


print 'hi there user'
print 'how are you today?'
thread = ImageDownloader(downloads)
thread.start()
while not os.path.exists('somefile.html'):
    print 'i am executing but the thread has started to download'
    time.sleep(1)

print 'look ma, thread is not alive: ', thread.is_alive()

It would probably make sense to not poll like I'm doing above. In which case, I would change the code to this:

import os
import threading
import time
import urllib2


class ImageDownloader(threading.Thread):

    def __init__(self, function_that_downloads):
        threading.Thread.__init__(self)
        self.runnable = function_that_downloads

    def run(self):
        self.runnable()


def downloads():
    with open('somefile.html', 'w+') as f:
        try:
            f.write(urllib2.urlopen('http://google.com').read())
        except urllib2.HTTPError:
            f.write('sorry no dice')


print 'hi there user'
print 'how are you today?'
thread = ImageDownloader(downloads)
thread.start()
# show message
thread.join()
# display image

Notice that there's no daemon flag set here.