Building my own computer

does it mean that this mother board will be compatible with processors (from Intel) which will be released next year?

You should firstly decide on a processor, more specifically a socket. Intel's processors are well known in the LGA 1155 socket series. They bring out new generations every year based on that socket. Then your motherboard should obviously support processors based on socket LGA 1155. The same goes for AMD - different sockets respectively.

Same for graphic cards?

PCI Express controllers haven't changed significantly recently, thus reducing the chances of compatibility issues from a graphics card's point of view. I have a graphics card bought in 2006 which is still compatible with my Asus P8H67-V motherboard bought in Dec 2012.

Or maybe shall I start completely somewhere else?

If I were you, I would decide on the motherboard and processor together and then buy the graphics card later. Also, you need to keep in mind that some motherboards are optimized for ATi CrossFireX (if you combine 2 graphics cards together for extreme GPU performance) and then some motherboards are optimized for Nvidia SLI configurations. If you are a heavy gamer, that would be of importance.

Checkpoints:

1. CPU Make & Socket type
2. Motherboard CPU Make & socket support
3. Motherboard AND CPU both - RAM type and MHz support
4. Graphics Card planning - considering an optimized card for the use of your workstation
5. Power Supply Unit - Keep in mind that a high performance graphics card sometimes has a specific PSU wattage requirement, this should be in the specifications section of that card.
6. Make sure you have enough Sata 3 ports on your motherboard if you plan to use several Sata 3 hard drives.

Here is an example of my setup, which I bought over 6 months, knowing that any upgrades over the next 5 years would be possible:

1. Intel Boxed Core i7 2600 Processor - 3.40GHz Quad Core Socket 1155 - CPU
2. Asus P8H67-V - Socket 1155 Revision 3 Motherboard
3. Corsair XMS3 - 8GB ( 2 x 4GB ) DDR3 1333MHz
4. Gigabyte - GeForce Graphics Card GTX 560 - 1GB 256Bit GDDR5 - PCI-E 2.0
5. Seagate Barracuda Green - 1TB HDD 32MB Cache - SATA 3 - 6.0Gb/s
6. Gigabyte - Odin 585W 24-Pin Power Supply

Graphics Cards nowadays all use the PCIe(x16) Extension Slot, which is present on all Mainboards, so there should be no problems there.
Another question is if you want to use SLI/Crossfire, then you should pay attention to which onboard graphics-controller the board uses and which configuration it supports.

Regarding the processors you should make your decision based on the "socket", the problem is, you are buying new components just at a time, when there's a change happening, the standard intel socket up to June/July was 1155, but they are switching to the new 1150 socket just about till the end of the year, so if you are going for sustainability, you should consider the new 1150, which will probably strain you financial ressources a little more, but you should be safe for the next few years.