static keyword in cpp code example

Example 1: static variable in c++

/*
this example show where and how
static variables are used
*/

#include <iostream>
#include <string>

//doing "using namespace std" is generally a bad practice, this is an exception
using namespace std;

class Player
{
  int health = 200;
  string name = "Name";
  
  //static keyword
   static int count = 0;
public:
  //constructor
  Player(string set_name)
    :name{set_name}
  {
    count++;
  }
  
  //destructor
  ~Player()
  {
    count--;
  }
  
  int how_many_player_are_there()
  {
    return count;
  }
  
};

int main()
{
  Player* a = new Player("some name");
  cout << "Player count: " << *a.how_many_player_are_there() << std::endl;
  
  Player* b = new Player("some name");
  cout << "Player count: " << *a.how_many_player_are_there() << std::endl;
  
  delete a;
  
  cout << "Player count: " << *b.how_many_player_are_there() << std::endl;
}

/*output:
1
2
1
*/

Example 2: static in class c++

#include <iostream>

class Entity {
public:
	static int  x,y;
	static void Print() {
		std::cout << x << ", " << y << std::endl;
	}// sta1tic methods can't access class non-static members
};
int Entity:: x;
int Entity:: y;// variable x and y are just in a name space and we declared them here
int main() {
	Entity e;
	Entity e1;
	e.x = 5;
	e.y = 6;
	e1.x = 10;
	e1.y = 10;
	e.Print();//output => 10 because variable x and y being static point to same block of memory
	e1.Print();//output => 10 because variable x and y being static point to same block of memory
	Entity::x;	//you can also acess static variables and functions like this without creating an instance
    Entity::Print();	//you can also acess static variables and functions like this without creating an instance
	std::cin.get();
}