Citing a paper whose title has received errata

In this case I'd use the corrected title, and add make sure to note that the paper is corrected, e.g.

• Van Breukelen, G.J.P. (2006). ANCOVA versus change from baseline: more power in randomized studies, more bias in nonrandomized studies [corrected]. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 59(9): 920-925

Note that this is also how the paper is listed in Pubmed. I also recommend citing the erratum next to the paper.

I'd use the published title, because you're citing a physical document, not a document that hypothetically should have been published. (If a book was printed with the wrong title, then you'd surely cite that title, rather than the title that should have been used.) You could mention that the title wasn't approved by the author, e.g.,

Van Breukelen, G.J.P. (2006). ANCOVA versus change from baseline had more power in randomized studies and more bias in nonrandomized studies. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 59(9): 920-925. (The article was mistakenly published under the aforementioned title, the correct title should be "ANCOVA versus change from baseline: More power in randomized studies, more bias in nonrandomized studies.")