Sharepoint - Color code item row based on column value in SharePoint Foundation 2013

In SharePoint 2013 was introduced a so called Client Rendering Mode (CSR) which represents a rendering engine for list views, list forms and search results. I would recommend you to consider the following approach for your task.

How to highlight the rows using CSR

Below example demonstrates how to highlight list task rows based on their status

Template code:

SP.SOD.executeFunc("clienttemplates.js", "SPClientTemplates", function() {

   SPClientTemplates.TemplateManager.RegisterTemplateOverrides({
     OnPostRender: function(ctx) {

       var statusColors =  {
          'Not Started' : '#FFF1AD',  
          'In Progress' : '#FFD800',
          'Completed' : '#01DF3A' 
       };

       var rows = ctx.ListData.Row;
       for (var i=0;i<rows.length;i++)
       {
          var status = rows[i]["Status"];
          var rowId = GenerateIIDForListItem(ctx, rows[i]);
          var row = document.getElementById(rowId); 
          row.style.backgroundColor = statusColors[status];
       }
     }
   }); 

});

How to apply the changes

There are at least two options how to apply the changes:

1. Via JSLink property of web part
2. Place JavaScript template on page via Script Editor/Content Editor web parts

Here is how to apply the changes using the second option:

1. Switch the page into edit mode
2. Add Script Editor webpart right below the list view web part.
3. Put the specified code by wrapping it using script tag code into the Script Editor, for example: <script type="text/javascript">{Template JS code goes here}</script>
4. Save the page

Results

To get acquainted with CSR I would recommend the following articles:

• INTRODUCTION TO CLIENT-SIDE RENDERING IN SHAREPOINT 2013

• SharePoint 2013 Client Side Rendering: List Views

Yes it is possible through new feature of SP2013 called JSLink.

With JS Link, users can add a reference to their JavaScript Files as a WebPart property, and Control the Rendering of Fields & Items in Views, List Forms (Display,New,Edit) and event in WebParts.Before you use the js file, it is recommended that the JavaScript file should be Uploaded as a new JavaScript Display Template in Site’s Master Page Gallery.JavaScript Display Template Content Type has some special Site Columns added to it that will help specify the target element (view,form,webpart etc..) where the JavaScript File’s Custom Rendering will be Implemented.

Here is the Before and After looks like –

Initial List – Create Custom List before

Resulting items

For step by step process on how to achieve this, refer to this link.

Where instead of ctx.CurrentItem.Sales, you can refer to your status field internal name in list.

Microsoft disabled all this in versions 2016 and later, it still works in older SP version and non-Modern Experiences

See: June 13th 2017 Microsoft blocked handling HTML markup in SharePoint calculated fields - how to get the same functionality back

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Original answer:

If you don't mind:

• Always obeying the Microsoft SharePoint 2013 way of doing things
• writing a separate JavaScript file
• Uploading it somewhere in SharePoint
• Creating a JSlink connection everywhere you want to execute it
• or messing around with extra webparts

then CSR is the best option

If you:

• Are not afraid to use something that has worked since 2010 (and works in SP2010)
• do not want to create separate files for display logic
• want a solution that works no matter where a View Column is displayed
• want a solution that can be wrapped in a List Template
• works even if there are multiple Views of the same List on One page

Then you could add the JavaScript logic to a Calculated Column.

Set the datatype to Number and it will evaluate your HTML/JavaScript

Create a Calculated Column "ColorStatus" Paste the Formula:

=[Status]
"<img src=""/_layouts/images/blank.gif""  "
&" onload=""{"
&"  this.parentNode.parentNode.parentNode.style.backgroundColor="
&"  ({"
&"    'Not Started':'#FFF1AD',"
&"    'Draft':'pink',"
&"    'Reviewed':'lightgreen',"
&"    'Scheduled':'lightcoral',"
&"    'Published':'none',"
&"    'Final':'limegreen',"
&"    'Expired':'indianred'"
&"    })['"&[Status]&"']"
&" }"">"

And set the Datatype to number.
Add to Default View
Do not add to Content Types (or the Formula will show up as text on Forms) this works in Views only!!

Detail descscription on How it works at: http://www.viewmaster365.com/#/How

Of course there are drawbacks;
biggest one is that the HTML/Javascript contents shows up as text in Alert messages

The fun part is you can use all you SharePoint Formula skills on the &[Status]& part to get any result you want.