Composite Number Sequences

Pyth - 10 bytes

A valid answer. Uses Wilson's Theorem.

.f%h.!tZZQ

Try it online here.

Old answer

Pyth - 6 chars

Uses builtin for prime factorization, not prime checking.

.ftPZQ

Try it online here.

.f  Q         First n that passes filter of lambda Z, uses input for how many
 t            Tail. This makes all that have len-one prime factorization become empty list, and thus falsey.
  P           Prime factorization - primes have a len-one factorization.
   Z          Lambda var

Pyth, 11 bytes

<S{*M^tSQ2Q

Generates overly large list of products of all combinations of [2, n] and truncates.

TeX, 382 bytes

Because you can.

\newcount\a\newcount\b\newcount\c\newcount\n\newcount\p\newcount\q\let\v\advance\let\e\else\let\z\ifnum
\def\d#1:#2:#3:{\z#1>#2\v#1 by-#2\d#1:#2:#3:\e\z#1=#2#3=1\e#3=0\fi\fi}
\def\i#1:#2:#3:{#3=0\z#1>#2\a=#1\d\a:#2:\c:
\z\c=0\b=#2\v\b by 1\i#1:\the\b:#3:\e#1\par\fi\e#3=1\fi}
\def\l#1:#2:#3:#4:{\i\the#1:2:#4:
\z#4=0\v#2 by 1\fi\z#2<#3\v#1 by 1\l#1:#2:#3:#4:\fi}
\l\p:\n:10:\q:\end

The number in the last line is the number of composite numbers you want to have.

This is a simple divisor tester. \d checks if #2 divides #1. \i calls \d for all possible dividers (i.e. < #1). \l lists the first #2 numbers for which \i returns 0.

Ungolfed (well, half-golfed) version:

\newcount\a
\newcount\b
\newcount\c
\newcount\n
\newcount\p
\newcount\q

\def\div#1:#2:#3:{%
  \ifnum#1>#2 %
    \advance#1 by-#2 %
    \div#1:#2:#3:%
  \else%
    \ifnum#1=#2 %
      #3=1%
    \else%
      #3=0%
    \fi%
  \fi%
}

\long\def\isprime#1:#2:#3:{%
  #3=0%
  \ifnum#1>#2 %
    \a=#1 %
    \div\a:#2:\c: %
    \ifnum\c=0 %
      \b=#2 %
      \advance\b by 1 %
      \isprime#1:\the\b:#3:%
    \else
      #1\par%
    \fi%
  \else%
    #3=1%
  \fi%
}

\def\listprimes#1:#2:#3:#4:{%
  \isprime\the#1:2:#4: %
  \ifnum#4=0 %
    \advance#2 by 1 %
  \fi
  \ifnum#2<#3 %
    \advance#1 by 1 %
    \listprimes#1:#2:#3:#4: %
  \fi
}

\listprimes\p:\n:11:\q:

\end