Confused about Laplace Wave Equation Transformation
Assuming $\mathcal{L}$ transforms the $t$ variable into the $s$ variable. E.g. $u(x, t)$ into $U(x, s)$.
I added the $t$ subscript to the operator to indicate it acts on $t$.
The subscripts $xx$ mean second order partial derivative regarding $x$, $tt$ mean second order partial derivative regarding $t$.
My guess would be: $$ \mathcal{L}_t \{ u_{tt}(x, t) - u_{xx}(x, t) \} = \mathcal{L}_t \{ f(x) \} \iff \\ s^2 \, U(x, s) - s \, u(x, 0+) - u_t(x, 0+) - U_{xx}(x, s) = f(x) \mathcal{L}_t \{ 1 \} $$
The idea is to apply the initial conditions here, then get an ordinary differential equation for $U$, solve for $U$ and then use the inverse Laplace transform to get a solution $u$.
I've not used Laplace transform a lot but I think that it would act similarly as the Fourier transform (the only difference is that Fourier transform acts on position variable, so $x,y,z,\cdots$ and Laplace transform acts on the time variable). With that in mind if you take the Laplace transform on both side of the equation you would get: $$\mathcal{L}\{\partial^2_{tt}u\}-\mathcal{L}\{\partial^2_{xx}u\} = \mathcal{L}\{f(x)\}\\ \color{red}{\mathcal{L}\{\partial^2_{tt}u\}}-\underbrace{\partial^2_{xx}\mathcal{L}\{u\} = f(x)\color{blue}{\mathcal{L}\{1\}}}_{\text{the transform acts only}\\ \text{on time so it's independent}\\ \text{of the }x}\\ \color{red}{s^2U(x,s)-su(x,0^+)-\partial_tu(x,t)|_{t=0^+}} - \partial^2_{xx}U(x,s)=\frac{f(x)}{\color{blue}{s}}$$ The red one follows from the property of derivation for the Laplace transform and the blue from the Laplace transform of $1$.
As you can see you began with an ode with two partial derivation and you arrived at a second order ode in the function $U(x,s)$. This means that one you've found the solution $U(x,s)$ you can directly find $u(x,t)$ by anti-transforming! If this isn't the most beautiful thing you've ever seen, I don't know what it would be!