Drupal - Count of nodes by type

You can use the Views module to do this.

Create a new view, remove sort options, fields and other default settings
Add a field for "Content: Type"
Expand the "advanced" part on the right and set "Use aggregation" to "Yes"
Add yet another field for "Content: Type"
On the second "Content: Type" field, click "Aggregation settings"
Set the aggregation type to "count"
The second "Content: Type" should now look like "COUNT(Content: Type)"

That should be it! If needed, adjust some more settings like field labels and row style settings.

Here is an export of such a view, so you can easily import it and try it out:

$view = new view;
$view->name = 'nodecounts';
$view->description = '';
$view->tag = 'default';
$view->base_table = 'node';
$view->human_name = 'Node counts';
$view->core = 7;
$view->api_version = '3.0';
$view->disabled = FALSE; /* Edit this to true to make a default view disabled initially */

/* Display: Master */
$handler = $view->new_display('default', 'Master', 'default');
$handler->display->display_options['title'] = 'Node counts';
$handler->display->display_options['group_by'] = TRUE;
$handler->display->display_options['access']['type'] = 'perm';
$handler->display->display_options['cache']['type'] = 'none';
$handler->display->display_options['query']['type'] = 'views_query';
$handler->display->display_options['query']['options']['query_comment'] = FALSE;
$handler->display->display_options['exposed_form']['type'] = 'basic';
$handler->display->display_options['pager']['type'] = 'none';
$handler->display->display_options['style_plugin'] = 'default';
$handler->display->display_options['row_plugin'] = 'fields';
$handler->display->display_options['row_options']['inline'] = array(
  'type_1' => 'type_1',
  'type' => 'type',
);
$handler->display->display_options['row_options']['separator'] = ': ';
$handler->display->display_options['row_options']['hide_empty'] = 0;
$handler->display->display_options['row_options']['default_field_elements'] = 1;
/* Field: Content: Type */
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type_1']['id'] = 'type_1';
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type_1']['table'] = 'node';
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type_1']['field'] = 'type';
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type_1']['label'] = '';
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type_1']['alter']['alter_text'] = 0;
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type_1']['alter']['make_link'] = 0;
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type_1']['alter']['absolute'] = 0;
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type_1']['alter']['external'] = 0;
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type_1']['alter']['replace_spaces'] = 0;
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type_1']['alter']['trim_whitespace'] = 0;
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type_1']['alter']['nl2br'] = 0;
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type_1']['alter']['word_boundary'] = 1;
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type_1']['alter']['ellipsis'] = 1;
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type_1']['alter']['strip_tags'] = 0;
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type_1']['alter']['trim'] = 0;
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type_1']['alter']['html'] = 0;
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type_1']['element_label_colon'] = FALSE;
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type_1']['element_default_classes'] = 1;
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type_1']['hide_empty'] = 0;
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type_1']['empty_zero'] = 0;
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type_1']['hide_alter_empty'] = 1;
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type_1']['link_to_node'] = 0;
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type_1']['machine_name'] = 0;
/* Field: COUNT(Content: Type) */
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type']['id'] = 'type';
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type']['table'] = 'node';
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type']['field'] = 'type';
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type']['group_type'] = 'count';
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type']['label'] = '';
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type']['alter']['alter_text'] = 0;
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type']['alter']['make_link'] = 0;
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type']['alter']['absolute'] = 0;
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type']['alter']['external'] = 0;
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type']['alter']['replace_spaces'] = 0;
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type']['alter']['trim_whitespace'] = 0;
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type']['alter']['nl2br'] = 0;
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type']['alter']['word_boundary'] = 1;
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type']['alter']['ellipsis'] = 1;
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type']['alter']['strip_tags'] = 0;
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type']['alter']['trim'] = 0;
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type']['alter']['html'] = 0;
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type']['element_label_colon'] = FALSE;
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type']['element_default_classes'] = 1;
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type']['hide_empty'] = 0;
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type']['empty_zero'] = 0;
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type']['hide_alter_empty'] = 1;
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type']['separator'] = '';
$handler->display->display_options['fields']['type']['format_plural'] = 0;

/* Display: Block */
$handler = $view->new_display('block', 'Block', 'block');

Here is a function that will return the number of nodes for a specific content type:

function YOURTHEME_get_node_count($content_type) {
  $query = 'SELECT COUNT(*) ' .
           'FROM {node} n ' .
           'WHERE n.type = :type';
  return db_query($query, array(
      ':type' => $content_type
  ))->fetchField();
}

To use this code in your theme, add the function into your template.php and then you can call the function like this:

echo 'Pages: ' . YOURTHEME_get_node_count('page');
echo 'Products: ' . YOURTHEME_get_node_count('product');

The preferred, programmatic way, is to use the EntityFieldQuery class. Learn why EntityFieldQuery is superior to db_query().

Here's an example of counting Nodes of type Blog.

$query = new EntityFieldQuery();

$query->entityCondition('entity_type', 'node') // grab nodes
->entityCondition('bundle', 'blog') // filter by blog type
->propertyCondition('status', 1) // filter by published
->count(); // count

$result = $query->execute();

See similar question.

Drupal - Count of nodes by type

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