Crash upon delete through destructor
With
MyClass obj2 = obj;
you don't have assignment, you have copy-construction. And you don't follow the rules of three, five or zero since you don't have a copy-constructor, so the default-generated one will just copy the pointer.
That means after this you have two object whose line
pointer are both pointing to the exact same memory. That will lead to undefined behavior once one of the objects is destructed as it leaves the other with an invalid pointer.
The naive solution is to add a copy-constructor which does a deep-copy of the string itself, similarly to what your assignment operator is doing.
A better solution would be to use std::string
instead for your strings, and follow the rule of zero.
You need create a copy constructor. This has to do the rule of 3/5. You are creating obj2
, which means a copy constructor is invoked, not the copy assignment operator.
Because you don't have a copy constructor, a "shallow" copy is made. This means that line
is copied by value. Since it's a pointer, both obj
and obj2
are pointing to the same memory. The first destructor gets called and erases that memory just fine. The second constructor gets called and a double delete occurs, causing your segmentation fault.
class MyClass {
public:
char *line = nullptr;
std::size_t size_ = 0; // Need to know the size at all times, can't
// rely on null character existing
const std::size_t MAX_SIZE = 256; // Arbitrarily chosen value
MyClass() { }
MyClass(const char *s) : size_(strlen(s)) {
if (size_ > MAX_SIZE) size_ = MAX_SIZE;
line = new char[size_];
strncpy(line, s, size_ - 1); // 'n' versions are better
line[size_ - 1] = '\0';
}
MyClass(const MyClass& other) : size_(other.size_) { // Copy constructor
line = new char[size_ + 1];
strncpy(line, other.line, size_);
line[size_] = '\0';
}
~MyClass() {
delete[] line;
line = nullptr;
}
MyClass& operator=(const MyClass &other) {
if (line == other.line) return *this; // Self-assignment guard
size_ = other.size_;
delete[] line;
line = new char[other.size_ + 1];
strncpy(line, other.line, size_);
line[size_] = '\0';
return *this;
}
int len(void) const { return size_; }
};
When dealing with C-Strings, you absolutely cannot lose the null character. The issue is that it's extremely easy to lose. You were also lacking a self-assignment guard in your copy assignment operator. That could have led to you accidentally nuking an object. I added a size_
member and used strncpy()
instead of strcpy()
because being able to specify a maximum number of characters is incredibly important in the case of losing a null character. It won't prevent damage, but it will mitigate it.
There's some other stuff that I did like using Default Member Initialization(as of C++11) and using a constructor member initialization list. A lot of this becomes unnecessary if you are able to use std::string
. C++ can be "C with classes" but it's worth taking the time to really explore what the language has to offer.
Something that a working copy constructor and destructor allows us to do is simplify our copy assignment operator using the "copy and swap idiom."
#include <utility>
MyClass& operator=(MyClass tmp) { // Copy by value now
std::swap(*this, tmp);
return *this;
}
Link to explanation.