Create Partition (Standard partition vs LVM physical volume) in CentOS installation

As I knew, Linux can only create three kinds of partitions. they are primary, extended, and logical

No, that's wrong. What you're describing here is PC old-style “MBR” partitions. This was the standard partition type on PC-type computers (and some others) since the 1980s but these days it's being replaced by GUID partitions. Logical vs primary partition is a hack due to the limitations of this 1980s system which you can ignore if you don't have to deal with older systems.

Using a standard partition system is essential if you have multiple operating systems installed on the same disk. Otherwise, you don't have to. Furthermore, even with multiple operating systems, you can use a single standard partition for Linux, and use Linux's own partitioning system inside it.

LVM is Linux's native partitioning system. It has many advantages over MBR or GUID partitions, in particular the ability to move or even spread partitions between disks (without unmounting anything), and to resize partitions easily. Use LVM for Linux by preference.

LVM achieves its flexibility by combining several levels of abstraction. A physical storage area, typically a PC-style partition, is a physical volume. The space of one or more physical volume makes up a volume group. In a volume group, you create logical volumes, each containing a filesystem (or a swap volume, etc.).