Destructuring a Map

Convert Map to simple object first

var obj = [...m.entries()].reduce( (acc, c) => ( 
 acc[c[0]] = c[1], 
 acc), {}); //convert to object

Then you can destructure the same object

Demo

let m = new Map()
m.set('b', 3).set('c', 4).set('d', 6);

var obj = [...m.entries()].reduce( (acc, c) => ( 
 acc[c[0]] = c[1], 
 acc), {}); //convert to object

//console.log(obj);
let { c, d } = obj; 
console.log(c, d);

const m = new Map();
m.set('b', 3)
 .set('c', 4)
 .set('d', 6);
 
const [[,b], [,c], [,d]] = m;

console.log(b, c, d);

const [[,b], [,c], [,d]] = m;

You can't destructure Map directly, you will have to either convert to object first or do something exotic, like using Proxy to intercept get calls. Something like this with helper function:

function getFromMap (map) {
  return new Proxy(map, {
    get (obj, prop) {
      return obj.get(prop)
    }
  })
}

let m = new Map()
m.set('b', 3).set('c', 4).set('d', 6)

let { b, d } = getFromMap(m)
console.log(b, d)

Thanks to @Felix Favour for comment. Using recent Object.fromEntries function intermediate conversion map to object can be simplified:

let { b, d } = Object.fromEntries(m)