Difference between /etc/crontab and "crontab -e"

As Ignacio said, /etc/crontab is the system wide crontab.

The format of /etc/crontab is like this:

# m h dom mon dow user      command
*   *  *   *   *  someuser  echo 'foo'

while crontab -e is per user, it's worth mentioning with no -u argument the crontab command goes to the current users crontab. You can do crontab -e -u <username> to edit a specific users crontab.

Notice in a per user crontab there is no 'user' field.

# m h  dom mon dow  command
*   *   *   *   *   echo 'foo'

An aspect of crontabs that may be confusing is that root also has its own crontab. e.g. crontab -e -u root will not edit /etc/crontab See Configuring cron.

In most Linux distros, per user crontabs are typically stored in: /var/spool/cron/crontabs/<username> (vixie-cron).

RHEL based distributions are stored in /var/spool/cron/<username>. (cronie)

One is the system crontab and can only be edited by root, and the other is the user crontab and can be edited by a user and exists per user.