Directing print output to a .txt file

You can redirect stdout into a file "output.txt":

import sys
sys.stdout = open('output.txt','wt')
print ("Hello stackoverflow!")
print ("I have a question.")

Another method without having to update your Python code at all, would be to redirect via the console.

Basically, have your Python script print() as usual, then call the script from the command line and use command line redirection. Like this:

$ python ./myscript.py > output.txt

Your output.txt file will now contain all output from your Python script.

Edit:
To address the comment; for Windows, change the forward-slash to a backslash.
(i.e. .\myscript.py)

Give print a file keyword argument, where the value of the argument is a file stream. The best practice is to open the file with the open function using a with block, which will ensure that the file gets closed for you at the end of the block:

with open("output.txt", "a") as f:
  print("Hello stackoverflow!", file=f)
  print("I have a question.", file=f)

From the Python documentation about print:

The file argument must be an object with a write(string) method; if it is not present or None, sys.stdout will be used.

And the documentation for open:

Open file and return a corresponding file object. If the file cannot be opened, an OSError is raised.

The "a" as the second argument of open means "append" - in other words, the existing contents of the file won't be overwritten. If you want the file to be overwritten instead at the beginning of the with block, use "w".

---

The with block is useful because, otherwise, you'd need to remember to close the file yourself like this:

f = open("output.txt", "a")
print("Hello stackoverflow!", file=f)
print("I have a question.", file=f)
f.close()

Use the logging module

def init_logging():
    rootLogger = logging.getLogger('my_logger')

    LOG_DIR = os.getcwd() + '/' + 'logs'
    if not os.path.exists(LOG_DIR):
        os.makedirs(LOG_DIR)
    fileHandler = logging.FileHandler("{0}/{1}.log".format(LOG_DIR, "g2"))
    rootLogger.addHandler(fileHandler)

    rootLogger.setLevel(logging.DEBUG)

    consoleHandler = logging.StreamHandler()
    rootLogger.addHandler(consoleHandler)

    return rootLogger

Get the logger:

logger = init_logging()

And start logging/output(ing):

logger.debug('Hi! :)')