docker start <container ID> doesn't do anything

After running docker start <container ID> to restart the container try running a docker ps to ensure it's actually running.

If it IS running and you want to run commands on a bash shell from within the container, you can run the below command. In your case it would be :

docker exec -it <container ID> bash

use docker start with '-ai' so it attaches to container interactively

docker start -ai <container ID>

CAUTION! This will relaunch the process that this container is supposed to run:

• If it is defined by a Dockerfile with a CMD instruction, then it will run it.
• If it was a container for building a Dockerfile, the last failed instruction will be retried.