Wordpress - enqueue script for specific shortcode

wp_enqueue_script is not going to work in a shortcode, this is because of the loading order.

You could use wp_register_script and then you could wp_enqueue_script in you shortcode function like this example:

// Front-end
function front_end_scripts() {
    wp_register_script( 'example-js', '//example.com/shared-web/js/example.js', array(), null, true );
}
add_action( 'wp_enqueue_scripts', 'front_end_scripts' );

Then you use this in your shortcode:

function example_shortcode() {

   wp_enqueue_script( 'example-js' );
   return; // dont forget to return something

}
add_shortcode( 'example-shortcode', 'example_shortcode' );

Furthermore, you could use has_shortcode to check if a shortcode is loaded:

function custom_shortcode_scripts() {
global $post;
if( is_a( $post, 'WP_Post' ) && has_shortcode( $post->post_content, 'custom-shortcode') ) {
    wp_enqueue_script( 'custom-script');
}
}
add_action( 'wp_enqueue_scripts', 'custom_shortcode_scripts');

Would has_shortcode help you solve your problem?

On the codex there's an example,

Enqueue some script when some post uses some shortcode

function custom_shortcode_scripts() {
    global $post;
    if( is_a( $post, 'WP_Post' ) && has_shortcode( $post->post_content, 'custom-shortcode') ) {
        wp_enqueue_script( 'custom-script');
    }
}
add_action( 'wp_enqueue_scripts', 'custom_shortcode_scripts');