Have point size monotonically increase in ListPlot

data = {{0, 1}, {1, 4}, {3, 2}, {5, 6}, {9, 5}, {10, 8}};
ListPlot[{#} & /@ data, 
 PlotStyle -> (PointSize /@ Subdivide[0.02, 0.06, 6]), Frame -> True]

pts = {{0, 1}, {1, 4}, {3, 2}, {5, 6}, {9, 5}, {10, 8}}
BubbleChart[MapIndexed[Append[#, First@#2] &, pts]]

You can also control the point sizes using the option PlotMarkers:

pts = {{0, 1}, {1, 4}, {3, 2}, {5, 6}, {9, 5}, {10, 8}};
{smin, smax} = {15, 40};
markers = Thread[{"●", Range[smin, smax, (smax - smin)/(Length[pts] - 1)]}];

ListPlot[List /@ pts, PlotMarkers -> markers, 
  PlotRangePadding -> 1, Frame -> True, Axes -> False]