Horizontal scrolling with sticky div that stays on the left border

UPDATE

please note the below is now a little out of date as we have css position sticky

Original Post

I do not think it is possible to achieve your goal through pure css as items that are sticky usually use position:fixed which unfortunately fixes them relative to the viewport.

with the use of javascript (in this case the jquery library) and absolute positioning, you should be able to achieve what you are after:

$('.main').scroll(function() {
    $(this).find('.sticky').css('left', $(this).scrollLeft());
});
.main {
    background-color:blue;
    overflow:scroll;
    height:200px;
    width:400px;
}
.row {
    height:50px;
    overflow:scroll;
    clear:both;
    width:1000px;
    position:relative;
    background-color:yellow;
    padding-left:150px;
    box-sizing:border-box;
}
.sticky, .content {
    float:left;
    width:150px;
    border:1px solid black;
}
.sticky {
    background-color:red;
    position:absolute; left:0; top:0;
}
.content {
    background-color:green;
}
<script src="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/jquery/1.9.1/jquery.min.js"></script>
<div class="main">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="sticky">I should stick to the left border</div>
        <div class="content">Content</div>
        <div class="content">Content</div>
        <div class="content">Content</div>
        <div class="content">Content</div>
    </div>
    <div class="row">
        <div class="sticky">I should stick to the left border</div>
        <div class="content">Content</div>
        <div class="content">Content</div>
        <div class="content">Content</div>
        <div class="content">Content</div>
    </div>
    <div class="row">
        <div class="sticky">I should stick to the left border</div>
        <div class="content">Content</div>
        <div class="content">Content</div>
        <div class="content">Content</div>
        <div class="content">Content</div>
    </div>
    <div class="row">
        <div class="sticky">I should stick to the left border</div>
        <div class="content">Content</div>
        <div class="content">Content</div>
        <div class="content">Content</div>
        <div class="content">Content</div>
    </div>
    <div class="row">
        <div class="sticky">I should stick to the left border</div>
        <div class="content">Content</div>
        <div class="content">Content</div>
        <div class="content">Content</div>
        <div class="content">Content</div>
    </div>
</div>