How can I catch UniqueKey Violation exceptions with EF6 and SQL Server?

With EF6 and the DbContext API (for SQL Server), I'm currently using this piece of code:

try
{
  // Some DB access
}
catch (Exception ex)
{
  HandleException(ex);
}

public virtual void HandleException(Exception exception)
{
  if (exception is DbUpdateConcurrencyException concurrencyEx)
  {
    // A custom exception of yours for concurrency issues
    throw new ConcurrencyException();
  }
  else if (exception is DbUpdateException dbUpdateEx)
  {
    if (dbUpdateEx.InnerException != null
            && dbUpdateEx.InnerException.InnerException != null)
    {
      if (dbUpdateEx.InnerException.InnerException is SqlException sqlException)
      {
        switch (sqlException.Number)
        {
          case 2627:  // Unique constraint error
          case 547:   // Constraint check violation
          case 2601:  // Duplicated key row error
                      // Constraint violation exception
            // A custom exception of yours for concurrency issues
            throw new ConcurrencyException();
          default:
            // A custom exception of yours for other DB issues
            throw new DatabaseAccessException(
              dbUpdateEx.Message, dbUpdateEx.InnerException);
        }
      }

      throw new DatabaseAccessException(dbUpdateEx.Message, dbUpdateEx.InnerException);
    }
  }

  // If we're here then no exception has been thrown
  // So add another piece of code below for other exceptions not yet handled...
}

As you mentioned UpdateException, I'm assuming you're using the ObjectContext API, but it should be similar.

In my case, I'm using EF 6 and decorated one of the properties in my model with:

[Index(IsUnique = true)]

To catch the violation I do the following, using C# 7, this becomes much easier:

protected async Task<IActionResult> PostItem(Item item)
{
  _DbContext.Items.Add(item);
  try
  {
    await _DbContext.SaveChangesAsync();
  }
  catch (DbUpdateException e)
  when (e.InnerException?.InnerException is SqlException sqlEx && 
    (sqlEx.Number == 2601 || sqlEx.Number == 2627))
  {
    return StatusCode(StatusCodes.Status409Conflict);
  }

  return Ok();
}

Note, that this will only catch unique index constraint violation.

// put this block in your loop
try
{
   // do your insert
}
catch(SqlException ex)
{
   // the exception alone won't tell you why it failed...
   if(ex.Number == 2627) // <-- but this will
   {
      //Violation of primary key. Handle Exception
   }
}

EDIT:

You could also just inspect the message component of the exception. Something like this:

if (ex.Message.Contains("UniqueConstraint")) // do stuff