How can I list all IPs in the connected network, through Terminal preferably?

Check out the arp-scan command - you will probably have to install it eg:

sudo apt-get install arp-scan

http://manpages.ubuntu.com/manpages/hardy/man1/arp-scan.1.html

And to give further detail:

sudo arp-scan --interface=eth0 --localnet

Where eth0 is your device. You can find your device with:

ifconfig

Use nmap. example: nmap -sn 10.10.10.0/24 The arp cache will only tell you those that you have tried to contact recently.

In windows this would be arp -a an equivalent of that in Linux would be arp -e.

From the man page for arp:

arp with no mode specifier will print the current content of the table.
-e : Use default Linux style output format (with fixed columns).