How can I merge TypedArrays in JavaScript?

Use the set method. But note, that you now need twice the memory!

var a = new Int8Array( [ 1, 2, 3 ] );
var b = new Int8Array( [ 4, 5, 6 ] );

var c = new Int8Array(a.length + b.length);
c.set(a);
c.set(b, a.length);

console.log(a);
console.log(b);
console.log(c);

I always use this function:

function mergeTypedArrays(a, b) {
    // Checks for truthy values on both arrays
    if(!a && !b) throw 'Please specify valid arguments for parameters a and b.';  

    // Checks for truthy values or empty arrays on each argument
    // to avoid the unnecessary construction of a new array and
    // the type comparison
    if(!b || b.length === 0) return a;
    if(!a || a.length === 0) return b;

    // Make sure that both typed arrays are of the same type
    if(Object.prototype.toString.call(a) !== Object.prototype.toString.call(b))
        throw 'The types of the two arguments passed for parameters a and b do not match.';

    var c = new a.constructor(a.length + b.length);
    c.set(a);
    c.set(b, a.length);

    return c;
}

The original function without checking for null or types

function mergeTypedArraysUnsafe(a, b) {
    var c = new a.constructor(a.length + b.length);
    c.set(a);
    c.set(b, a.length);

    return c;
}

for client-side ~ok solution:

const a = new Int8Array( [ 1, 2, 3 ] )
const b = new Int8Array( [ 4, 5, 6 ] )
const c = Int8Array.from([...a, ...b])