How can I save a PHP backtrace to the error log?

This should generate a readable string:

error_log(print_r(debug_backtrace(), true));

Additionally, debug_print_backtrace() prints the back trace as string and its output can be captured with regular output buffer functions:

ob_start();
debug_print_backtrace();
error_log(ob_get_clean());

From my perspective the best approach is using an exception functionality:

$e = new Exception();
$e->getTraceAsString();