How do I program an Android App with Python?

There are many IDEs you can use for Python. You will have to find one that suits what you want to do. The official Python wiki has a large list of IDEs and editors that you can use as a starting point.

However, keep in mind when you are teaching a class to not end up teaching the editor, but rather the language/concepts.

For Android, the only supported languages are Java and Kotlin. There is a android-scripting project that supports Python, however this is strictly experimental.

I would suggest you to look at http://kivy.org/#home. It supports android, iphone, etc. Also if you are familliar with javascript as you said you can try great titanium accelerator, or some alternative to develop android app.