How do I share $scope data between states in angularjs ui-router?

I created working plunker, showing how to use $scope and UI-Router.

The state definition is unchanged:

$stateProvider
    // States
 .state("main", {
      controller:'mainController',
      url:"/main",
      templateUrl: "main_init.html"
  })  
  .state("main.1", {
      controller:'mainController',
      parent: 'main',
      url:"/1",
      templateUrl: 'form_1.html'
  })  
  .state("main.2", {
      controller:'mainController',
      parent: 'main',
      url: "/2",
      templateUrl: 'form_2.html'
  })  

But each state can have different controller. Why? because each view of each state gets new instance of defined controller. So while we have mainController like the one below, we can be sure, that if we navigate to state 'main.2' it will be instantiated twice.

controller('mainController', function ($scope) {
  $scope.Model = $scope.Model || {Name : "xxx"};
})

But what we can see here, is that we check if $scope.Model already exsits... and if not (Parent state) we instantiate it with new intance {Name : "xxx"}.

Well, what I am saying is: only parent state will init the $scope.Model. All others will get that already filled. How? Well here is the answer:

Scope Inheritance by View Hierarchy Only

Keep in mind that scope properties only inherit down the state chain if the views of your states are nested. Inheritance of scope properties has nothing to do with the nesting of your states and everything to do with the nesting of your views (templates).

It is entirely possible that you have nested states whose templates populate ui-views at various non-nested locations within your site. In this scenario you cannot expect to access the scope variables of parent state views within the views of children states.

So, as stated in the documentation. Because our child views are nested in the parent view, the scope is inherited.

Understanding Scopes

In AngularJS, a child scope normally prototypically inherits from its parent scope.
...

Having a '.' in your models will ensure that prototypal inheritance is in play.

// So, use
<input type="text" ng-model="someObj.prop1"> 
// rather than
<input type="text" ng-model="prop1">.

And that's it. We get inheritance from UI-Router views and angular scopes, and because we smartly used a reference type (Model), i.e. do have '.' dot in ng-model definition - we can share data now

NOTE: having dot '.' in the ng-model="Model.PropertyName simply means, that there is a reference object Model {} with some property: PropertyName

Check the working example here

The idea is that you use scope in parent->child inheritance:

 .state("main", {
      controller:'mainController',
      abstract: true,
      url:"/main",
      templateUrl: "main_init.html"
  })  
  .state("main.1", {
      controller:'mainController1',
      parent: 'main',
      url:"/1",
      templateUrl: 'form_1.html'
  })  
  .state("main.2", {
      controller:'mainController2',
      parent: 'main',
      url: "/2",
      templateUrl: 'form_2.html'
  })  

Than the usage is simple, you have 3 controllers, one is shared (mainController) and each view has it's own.

You can get the whole scope through $rootScope. If you need just part of the scope, ui-router has a custom data feature.

Here's how to do a multi-step form. I needed the routes to contain info for about their steps in the flow.

First, I have some routes with UI-router:

  // Sign UP routes
  .state('sign-up', {
    abstract: true,
    url: '/sign-up',
    controller: 'SignupController',
    templateUrl: 'sign-up/index.html',
  })
  .state('sign-up.start', {
    url: '-start',
    templateUrl: 'sign-up/sign-up.start.html',
    data: { step: 0, title: 'Welcome to Mars!', },
  })
  .state('sign-up.expertise', {
    url: '-expertise',
    templateUrl: 'sign-up/sign-up.expertise.html',
    data: { step: 1, title: 'Your Expertise'},
  })

Notice:

• the data element in each route.
• The abstract state has SignupController. That's the only controller for this multi-step form. The abstract isn't required, but makes sense for this use case.

SignupController.js

angular.module('app').controller('SignupController', function($scope, $state) {
  $scope.state = $state;
});

Here we get ui-router's $state and put it on $scope

Here is the main template 'sign-up/index.html',:

<h2>{{state.current.data.title}}</h2>

<div>This is a multi-step-progress control {{state.current.data.step}}</div>

<form id="signUpForm" name="signUpForm" novalidate>
  <div ui-view></div>
</form>

The child templates can be whatever they like.