How do you get a specific version from Git in Visual Studio 2015?

(This works in both VS2015 and VS2017.)

Note this question, and this answer, is for a single file (or small number of files). If you want to do this for many files, simply make a new branch from, or reset hard to, the desired commit like the other answers propose. But since checking out an old commit can take a lot of time, especially for large repos, I believe this is the simplest way for a single file:

1. In Solution Explorer, open the current version of your file.
2. Still in Solution Explorer, right click on the file and choose "View History".
3. In the history window, find the commit for the version you want to test with. Right click on it and choose "Open". This pops up a temporary file with the contents of the desired version.
4. Copy the contents of that version (Ctrl-A Ctrl-C) and paste it over the actual current version.

Now you can do whatever you want to do with that file, and then undo the pending change when you're done.

In Visual Studio 2015, if you do View History (from the Actions menu on the Changes panel in Team Explorer):

Then right click on the commit you're interested in:

You can create a branch from there:

I cannot see a way to just checkout to the commit in Visual Studio.

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Working with the command line you can do a checkout of the commit SHA you want to use:

git checkout 9eab01d9

When you are done, just check out master again:

git checkout master

You might get warnings about working on a detached head, in that case you could create a branch temporarily:

git checkout -b temp-branch-name 9eab01d9

It is a good idea to get comfortable with the Git command line, the Visual Studio tooling is coming along, but it misses a lot of features.

Thanks to Matt Frear for pointing out that my original answer would reset the entire solution to a specific commit, whereas the question was how to use a specific version of one file while keeping the latest of everything else. Keeping the original post contents at the bottom, in case someone finds that useful.

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To keep your entire solution at the latest, but use an older version of an individual file:

Using Visual Studio 2015 Update 3:

I will add screenshots and clean-up/reformat the answer to be easier to follow, but I wanted to get an amended answer out there which addresses the question more accurately until I have time to revisit it.

1. View History on the branch (Team Explorer → Branches → right-click on branch)
2. Right-click on the desired commit and select Reset → Reset and Keep Changes (--mixed). Your local code will still be what is in the latest commit, but all changes since the desired commit will be shown as pending changes in Team Explorer → Changes. Your branch pointer is now on the commit that you reset on, but the code is still what is in the commit you started with (latest commit).
3. Go to Team Explorer → Changes, right-click on the file for which you want to use the version in the desired commit and select "Undo Changes...". This will revert that file to the commit that you reset on - undoing back to what is in that commit.

You will now have the latest of every file in the repository except for the file that you just undid the changes on. You could now reset mixed again on the latest commit to see only the one file that you are using the old version of in Team Explorer → Changes, but if all you're trying to do is run the solution, this step is unnecessary.

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To reset the entire solution/source repository to a specific commit:

Using Visual Studio 2015 Update 3:

IMPORTANT

With this approach, any outgoing commits will be lost.

Make sure to perform step 1 (push any outgoing commits)

1. Make sure you don't have any outgoing commits - perform a Push, if you do have outgoing commits (*Team Explorer → Sync → Outgoing Commits)
2. View History on the branch (Team Explorer → Branches → right-click on branch)

3. Right-click on the desired commit and select Reset → Reset and Delete Changes (--hard). . In Team Explorer → Sync and then in the View History window, you will end up with incoming commits from the desired commit to the latest commit in the remote branch, and your local code will match the desired commit.

4. When you're done, perform a pull in Team Explorer → Sync to bring your local branch to the remote branch's latest commit.

See this great answer which explains the 'git reset' command and the difference between --hard vs --mixed.