How to call an async function inside a UseEffect() in React?

Create an async function inside your effect that wait the getData(1) result then call setData():

useEffect(() => {
  const fetchData = async () => {
     const data = await getData(1);
     setData(data);
  }

  fetchData();
}, []);

If you're invoking it right-away you might want to use it as an anonymous function:

useEffect(() => {

  (async () => {
     const data = await getData(1);
     setData(data);
  })();

}, []);