How to change highlighted occurrences color in Eclipse's sidebar?
The color in the bar is the same as the color the text is highlighted with in the editor. It is set by going to
Window > Preferences > General > Editors > Text Editors > Annotations
and changing the Occurrences and Write Occurrences colors.
Right click on the marker and select the only menu item "preferences", this opens the preferences dialog: General/Editors/text Editor/Annotation.
The color of "occurances" is used for the matching items,
"write occurances" for item selected by you.
The updates do not apply immediatly after using the Apply button, only after closing with OK and eventually reselect.
The bar is called the Overview Bar or Overview Ruler (in case you need to reference it) and, as has been mentioned, the color of occurences can be changed by navigating to:
Window > Preferences > General > Editors > Text Editors > Annotations
and changing the color for Occurrences.
One difference to note in Eclipse Juno (most other responses seem to refer to Indigo) is that the change won't take effect until you restart the program.