How to check syslog in Bash on Linux?

By default it's logged into system log at /var/log/syslog, so it can be read by:

tail -f /var/log/syslog

If the file doesn't exist, check /etc/syslog.conf to see configuration file for syslogd. Note that the configuration file could be different, so check the running process if it's using different file:

# ps wuax | grep syslog
root      /sbin/syslogd -f /etc/syslog-knoppix.conf

^{Note: In some distributions (such as Knoppix) all logged messages could be sent into different terminal (e.g. /dev/tty12), so to access e.g. tty12 try pressing Control+Alt+F12.}

You can also use lsof tool to find out which log file the syslogd process is using, e.g.

sudo lsof -p $(pgrep syslog) | grep log$ 

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To send the test message to syslogd in shell, you may try:

echo test | logger

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For troubleshooting use a trace tool (strace on Linux, dtruss on Unix), e.g.:

sudo strace -fp $(cat /var/run/syslogd.pid)

How about less /var/log/syslog?

A very cool util is journalctl.

For example, to show syslog to console: journalctl -t <syslog-ident>, where <syslog-ident> is identity you gave to function openlog to initialize syslog.

On Fedora 19, it looks like the answer is /var/log/messages. Although check /etc/rsyslog.conf if it has been changed.