How to convert a 1 page PDF to a 2 page per sheet PDF?

In addition to what's been mentioned, PDFjam includes a command line tool, pdfnup which does this. (It makes use of the pdfpages package for PDFLaTeX underneath, which you can also use.)

If you prefer a GUI, jPDFtweak is another option.

Use pdfnup:

$ pdfnup file.pdf

This will create a new pdf file exactly like you asked for.

This is a question old enough to think that the options we have now were absent at the time, but maybe it deserves an up-to-date solution.

Linux pdf viewers usually use the printing options/properties to set the page layout, and there you can print multiple pages per sheet/side. The idea is to use those to print to file as PDF.

Evince can do it, also qpdfview. More here.

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qpdfview

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Evince

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PDF Studio Viewer

Other pdf viewers must have similar options.