How to create more notes like TODO in Android Studio, for example CHECK or TEST?

Yes, this is possible. Android Studio is based on IntelliJ and you can find a instruction on how to add a new pattern here:

https://www.jetbrains.com/help/idea/defining-todo-patterns-and-filters.html

From the link:

1. In the TODO tool window, click the Filter TODO Items icon (Filter TODO Items) and then click Edit Filters to open the TODO dialog.

2. To add a pattern for the OPTIMIZE items, click the Add icon (Add) in the Patterns section of the TODO dialog, and type the following pattern: \boptimize\b.* Then click OK to save the new pattern.

3. To add a filter with the new pattern, click the Add icon (Add) in the Filters section of the TODO dialog, specify a name for the new filter, and select the new pattern to be included in this filter. Then click OK to save the new filter.

4. Click OK to apply changes in the TODO dialog.

5. To apply the new filter, in the TODO tool window, click the Filter TODO Items icon (Filter TODO Items) and select the necessary filter.