How to get previous command without arrow key

In emacs mode, Ctrl-P (previous), other direction is Ctrl-N (next)

in vi mode, ESC (to go to command mode) and k for going up and j for going down

You can do it with two exclamation marks, in your shell just: !!

Just type history in your favourite shell will trig the dump of your whole history.

You can also try ctrl-r + typing the first characters of the searched command...