How To Protect Tomcat 7 Against Slowloris Attack
A CVE has been assigned specifically for this issue as it applies to Apache Tomcat: CVE-2012-5568. More appropriate references there than the one you were given.
The Tomcat developers do not consider this to be a vulnerability, and have no plans to fix.
Potential solutions:
Use firewall rules to prevent too many connections from a single host. This will mitigate run-of-the-mill Denial of Service attacks but not distributed ones (DDoS).
Here is an example of an iptables command which can be used to limit the number of concurrent connections that can be established to port 80 from a single client host:
# iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --syn --dport 80
-m connlimit --connlimit-above 50 -j REJECThttps://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=CVE-2007-6750
This would, however, have side-effects if many users were legitimately connecting from a single IP (e.g. mega-proxy), so the number of connections would need to be tuned reasonably - dependant on the traffic expected.
Unfortunately, the best option is to place the Tomcat service downstream from a web server that can better handle HTTP connections, such as Apache. Then use an Apache solution such as mod_reqtimeout or mod_antiloris.
There is an Apache module which applies some heuristics to (try to) detect the "slowloris" attack and to counter it. It is called mod_antiloris (this is a module for Apache, not a module from the Apache Software Foundation). See this answer for details.
Remember that, like for all Denial-of-Service attacks, there is no solution, only mitigations.
Note that Tomcat is part of the Apache Foundation, so technically it's called Apache Tomcat. However, the traditional Apache webserver (officially called "The Apache HTTP Server Project") is frequently referred to simply as Apache. Below, "Apache" refers to the Apache HTTP Server, and not Tomcat.
Tomcat typically doesn't run as a webserver, it runs as an application server. If Tomcat is directly exposed to the Internet (without being teamed up with Apache), then your solution should be one of the following:
Set up a reverse-proxy server in front of Tomcat, such as Nginx, Lighttpd, or even Apache.
Set up Apache and Tomcat together as traditionally configured.
If you use Apache in your solution, then you'll also need to use a slowloris mitigation stragegy. There's mod_antiloris, which will do that for you as described in the article you linked. And there's also mod_reqtimeout, which depsite being part of Apache Core is often not included by default in Apache installations.
mod_antiloris works by limiting the number of simultaneous connections a given IP can create.
mod_reqtimeout works by limiting the amount of time a single request can stay idle.
Both have their place, and a good defense will probably employ both.
Also, the mpm_event Apache worker configuration works the same way as other servers, such as Nginx, Cherokee, and lighttpd, and is not susceptible to the Slowloris attack. This is available on most modern installations, but is marked "expermental". In paritcular, it may not be compatible some older modules that rely on the thread-per-connection concept. An often-cited example is mod_php, though that may not apply to newer versions.