How to search column_names in Vertica?

The answer may differ depending on the version of Vertica you are using.

In the latest version, 5.1, there is a COLUMNS system table. Just from looking at the online documentation here seems to be the most useful columns with their types:

TABLE_SCHEMA VARCHAR
TABLE_NAME VARCHAR
DATA_TYPE VARCHAR

That should give you what you need. If your version doesn't have the system table, let me know what version you're running and I'll see what we can do.

In 5.1 if you have enough permissions you can do

SELECT * FROM v_catalog.columns;

to access columns's info, for some things you'll need to join with

v_catalog.tables