How to use patch request in Laravel?

Yes, you need to send id for route patch. Example from https://laravel.com/docs/5.4/controllers#resource-controllers for Laravel

PUT/PATCH - /photos/{photo}, so you don't need update word in your route. Just users/id and methods PUT or PATCH.

UPD for CRUD operations:

// Routes
Route::resource('items', 'ItemsController');

// Form for update item with id=1
<form method="POST" action="{{ route('items.update', ['id' => 1])}}">
    {!! csrf_field() !!}
    <input name="_method" type="hidden" value="PATCH">
    <!-- Your fields here -->
</form>

// Controller
public function update($id, Request $request)
{
    // Validation here

    $item = Item::findOrFail($id);

    // Update here
}

If your route is:

Route::patch('users/update/{id}', 'UsersController@update')->name('users.update');

if you use jQuery.ajax() for submitting data then set your method, data, and URL like this:

$.ajax({
    method: "post",
    url: "{{ url('/users/update/') }}" + id,
    data: {"_method": "PATCH", ...}
});

if you don't use Ajax then use the following:

<form method="POST" action="{{ route('users.update',['id' => $id]) }}">
    @csrf
    @method('PATCH')
</form>

Update the routing as per below

Route::patch('/users/update/{id}',[
    'uses' => 'UsersController@update'
]);