How to write to middle of a file in C++?

You cannot insert in the middle of the file. You have to copy the old file to a new file and insert whatever you want in the middle during copying to the new file.

Otherwise, if you intend to overwrite data/lines in the existing file, that is possible by using std::ostream::seekp() to identify the position within the file.

You could write to the end and swap lines until it ends up in the right position. Here's what I had to do. Here's the test.txt file before:

12345678
12345678
12345678
12345678
12345678

Here's a sample of my program

#include <iostream>
#include <fstream>
#include <string>

using namespace std;

fstream& goToLine(fstream& file, int line){
    int charInLine = 10;  //number of characters in each line + 2
                          //this file has 8 characters per line

    int pos = (line-1)*charInLine;

    file.seekg(pos);
    file.seekp(pos);

    return file;
}

fstream& swapLines(fstream& file, int firstLine, int secondLine){
    string firstStr, secondStr;

    goToLine(file,firstLine);
    getline(file,firstStr);
    goToLine(file,secondLine);
    getline(file,secondStr);

    goToLine(file,firstLine);
    file.write(secondStr.c_str(),8);    //Make sure there are 8 chars per line
    goToLine(file,secondLine);
    file.write(firstStr.c_str(),8);

    return file;
}

int main(){
    fstream file;
    int numLines = 5; //number of lines in the file

    //open file once to write to the end
    file.open("test.txt",ios::app); 
    if(file.is_open()){
        file<<"someText\n"; //Write your line to the end of the file.
        file.close();
    }

    //open file again without the ios::app flag
    file.open("test.txt"); 
    if(file.is_open()){
        for(int i=numLines+1;i>3;i--){ //Move someText\n to line 3
            swapLines(file,i-1,i);
        }
        file.close();
    }

    return 0;
}

Here's the test.txt file after:

12345678
12345678
someText
12345678
12345678
12345678

I hope this helps!