IHostedService for tcp servers in .NET Core

Is there a common pattern for how modern Asp.Net core applications and daemons should cooperate?

Actually , the hosted service is not that powerful for the present . So people usually use a third product . However , it's possible to communicate with hosted service and controller . I'll use your code as an example to achieve these goals :

1. The TcpServer is able to receive two commands so that we can switch the state of hosted service from a TcpClient.
2. The controller of WebServer can invoke method of TcpServer indirectly (through a mediator ), and render it as html

It's not a good idea to couple controller with hosted service . To invoke method from hosted service , we can introduce a Mediator . A mediator is no more than a service that serves as a singleton (because it will referenced by hosted service) :

public interface IMediator{
    event ExecHandler ExecHandler ; 
    string Exec1(string status);
    string Exec2(int status);
    // ...
}

public class Mediator: IMediator{

    public event ExecHandler ExecHandler ;
    public string Exec1(string status)
    {
        if(this.ExecHandler==null) 
            return null;
        return this.ExecHandler(status);
    }

    public string Exec2(int status)
    {
        throw new System.NotImplementedException();
    }
}

A Hosted Service needs to realize the existence of IMediator and expose his method to IMediator in some way :

public class Netcat : BackgroundService
{
    private IMediator Mediator ;
    public Netcat(IMediator mediator){
        this.Mediator=mediator;
    }

    // method that you want to be invoke from somewhere else
    public string Hello(string status){
        return $"{status}:returned from service";
    }

    // method required by `BackgroundService`
    protected override async Task ExecuteAsync(CancellationToken stoppingToken)
    {
        TcpListener listener = new TcpListener(IPAddress.Any, 8899);
        listener.Start();
        while(!stoppingToken.IsCancellationRequested)
        {
            // ...
        }
    }
}

To allow control the status from the NetCat TcpServer , I make it able to receive two commands from clients to switch the state of background service :

    protected override async Task ExecuteAsync(CancellationToken stoppingToken)
    {
        TcpListener listener = new TcpListener(IPAddress.Any, 8899);
        listener.Start();
        while(!stoppingToken.IsCancellationRequested)
        {
            TcpClient client = await listener.AcceptTcpClientAsync();
            Console.WriteLine("a new client connected");
            NetworkStream stream = client.GetStream();

            while (!stoppingToken.IsCancellationRequested)
            {
                byte[] data = new byte[1024];
                int read = await stream.ReadAsync(data, 0, 1024, stoppingToken);
                var cmd= Encoding.UTF8.GetString(data,0,read);
                Console.WriteLine($"[+] received : {cmd}");

                if(cmd=="attach") { 
                    this.Mediator.ExecHandler+=this.Hello;
                    Console.WriteLine($"[-] exec : attached");
                    continue;
                }
                if(cmd=="detach") {
                    Console.WriteLine($"[-] exec : detached");
                    this.Mediator.ExecHandler-=this.Hello;
                    continue;
                }

                await stream.WriteAsync(data, 0, read, stoppingToken);
                stream.Flush();
            }
        }
    }

If you want to invoke the method of background service within a controller, simply inject the IMediator :

public class HomeController : Controller
{
    private IMediator Mediator{ get; }

    public HomeController(IMediator mediator){
        this.Mediator= mediator;
    }

    public IActionResult About()
    {
        ViewData["Message"] = this.Mediator.Exec1("hello world from controller")??"nothing from hosted service";

        return View();
    }
}