Increment Row Number on Group

That can be accomplished with the DENSE_RANK() function:

  DENSE_RANK() OVER(Order By [shade]) as t_index

You can try to use DENSE_RANK() for that:

SELECT
    shade,
    s_index = ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY [shade] ORDER BY [shade]),
    t_index = DENSE_RANK() OVER (ORDER BY [shade])
FROM dbo.YourTableNameHEre

Gives output:

shade  s_index  t_index
  A      1        1
  A      2        1
  A      3        1
  A      4        1
  A      5        1
  B      1        2
  B      2        2
  B      3        2
  B      4        2
  B      5        2