Initialization of a microSD card using an SPI interface
I seem to have found the issue. When I calculate the correct CRC for CMD55 and send that instead of a dummy CRC, the command is accepted (result 0x01). If you look at the physical layer specification in section 7.2.2, it explicitly says that:
The SPI interface is initialized in the CRC OFF mode in default. (except for commands CMD0 and CMD8).
This doesn't seem to be the case with this series of Transcend cards, thus violating the specification. Also in case of a CRC error the reply should be 0x09 instead of 0x05. I've tried to explicitly turn off CRC checking with CMD59, but that doesn't seem to help.
=> Calculating the correct CRC for (all?) commands makes the card work.
I'm in contact with Transcend support about this. If I learn something useful I'll you know here.
Note that I used other 2 GB Transcend cards before, but they were made in Taiwan, while the new one is made in Korea (and seems to be a Samsung card (MMAGR02GUDCA)).
You said you used CRC 0 for the failing command. I assume that you meant that you sent the whole last byte as 0x00. Note that the CRC7 is only the first 7 bits of the last byte - the last bit called end bit should always be 1. So if you were sending 0x00 as the last byte, with 0 as the last bit, the failure would be understandable, and even the error code would make sense. If you send 1 as the last bit, it should work, ie. use something like 0x01 or 0xFF as the last byte.
I had almost the same issue. When sending ACMD41, I sent CMD55 followed by CMD41. The response for CMD55 was 0x01, indicating idle state and running the initialization process (this is normal, I think). CMD41 would respond with 0x05, indicating illegal command. It turns out that my particular card does the CRC check by default, even in SPI mode, and misreports CRC errors as illegal commands (i.e., it doesn't follow the SD spec). When I calculate the proper CRC, it works fine. Here is the CRC7 calculation code I used, it has worked well for me:
https://github.com/hazelnusse/crc7
Unless you have taken care to disable CRC checking, I think it is probably best to assume it isn't disabled and make sure you calculate the proper CRC for each command frame. From what I can tell, some cards disable it by default in SPI mode and others enable it, even though the SD specification states it should be disabled by default in SPI mode except for CMD8.