Is <input> well formed without a <form>?
<input>
without a <form>
appears valid, yes (at least for html 4.01, look near the end of 17.2.1):
The elements used to create controls generally appear inside a FORM element, but may also appear outside of a FORM element declaration when they are used to build user interfaces. This is discussed in the section on intrinsic events. Note that controls outside a form cannot be successful controls.
Reference to a more up-to-date specification:
HTML 5.2 - W3C Recommendation (14 December 2017)
A form-associated element can have a relationship with a
<form>
element, which is called the element’s form owner. If a form-associated element is not associated with a<form>
element, its form owner is said to be null.
I checked the following with the W3C validator and it confirms this is valid.
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>test</title>
</head>
<body>
<input type='text' />
</body>
</html>