Is it possible to install aws-cli package without root permission?

For AWS CLI v2, the recommended solution is passing options -i and -b when installing indicating directories for which user has write permissions.

Example:

[user@localhost ~]$ cd Downloads
[user@localhost Downloads]$ curl "https://awscli.amazonaws.com/awscli-exe-linux-x86_64.zip" -o "awscliv2.zip"
[user@localhost Downloads]$ unzip awscliv2.zip
[user@localhost Downloads]$ ./aws/install -i ~/aws-cli -b ~/aws-cli/bin

From Amazon Web Service's documentation:

You can install without sudo if you specify directories that you already have write permissions to. Use the following instructions for the install command to specify the installation location:

• Ensure that the paths you provide to the -i and -b parameters contain no volume name or directory names that contain any space characters or other white space characters. If there is a space, the installation fails.

• --install-dir or -i – This option specifies the directory to copy all of the files to.

  The default value is /usr/local/aws-cli.

• --bin-dir or -b – This option specifies that the main aws program in the install directory is symbolically linked to the file aws in the specified path. You must have write permissions to the specified directory. Creating a symlink to a directory that is already in your path eliminates the need to add the install directory to the user's $PATH variable.

  The default value is /usr/local/bin.

(I believe the accepted answer is outdated in that it only works for AWS CLI v1.)

There's a bundled installer for that purpose.

Install aws command to $HOME/bin

$ wget https://s3.amazonaws.com/aws-cli/awscli-bundle.zip
$ unzip awscli-bundle.zip
$ ./awscli-bundle/install -b ~/bin/aws

Set $PATH environment variable

$ echo $PATH | grep ~/bin     // See if $PATH contains ~/bin (output will be empty if it doesn't)
$ export PATH=~/bin:$PATH     // Add ~/bin to $PATH if necessary

Test the AWS CLI Installation

$ aws help

See the following link for details: http://docs.aws.amazon.com/cli/latest/userguide/awscli-install-bundle.html#install-bundle-user