Is there an English word for the output response of a non-minimum phase system?
I've always heard that being called undershoot. And, in this Control Systems magazine article on Nonminimum-Phase Zeros they also call it initial undershoot.
I think the correct term in English would be “initial inverse response”.
The system initially does the opposite of what is commanded. For example, in this book. So it’s even worse than a dead time from a control point of view.
In French, "un départ malin" seems to describe a characteristic that shows up in control of hydraulic turbines, so it is not surprising that there are a number of French-Canadian papers where it is used. @VerbalKint in an above comment connects the French and English through ‘mal’ convincingly.