Javascript data structures library
I recommend to use Closure Library (especially with closure compiler).
Here you have a library with data structures goog.structs. The library contains:
goog.structs.AvlTree
goog.structs.CircularBuffer
goog.structs.Heap
goog.structs.InversionMap
goog.structs.LinkedMap
goog.structs.Map
goog.structs.PriorityQueue
goog.structs.Set
As example you can use unit test: goog.structs.PriorityQueueTest.
If you need to work on arrays, there's also an array lib: goog.array.
As noted in comments, the source has moved to github.com/google/closure and the documentation's new location is: google.github.io/closure-library.
Probably most of what you want is built-in to Javascript in one way or another, or easy to put together with built-in functionality (native Javascript data structures are incredibly flexible). You might like JSClass.
As for the functional features of the language, underscore.js is where it's at..
I can help you with the maps with arbitrary keys: my jshashtable does this, and there is also a hash set implementation built on top of it.
You can try Buckets is a very complete JavaScript data structure library that includes:
- Linked List
- Dictionary
- Multi Dictionary
- Binary Search Tree
- Stack
- Queue
- Set
- Bag
- Binary Heap
- Priority Queue