List of OpenGL functionality removed from the core profile
If you want a complete list of all functions that are deprecated, look at the gl.spec spec file meanwhile in XML (old format no longer available).
Each function that is deprecated has a deprecated
entry followed by a version number.
Otherwise, for a high-level overview, see tjm's answer.
Not certain if this is what you are looking for, but if you got to http://www.opengl.org/registry/, there is a pdf of the "OpenGL 3.3 Core Profile Specification". On page 342 is "Deprecated and Removed Features".
There are also "Core Profile Specification"'s for 4.0 and 4.1, I assume they will have similar entries.
I've created this:
Hope it would be useful. Please fix any errors you can find.