Managing SQL schema in F#
You /can/ use Entity Framework with F#, and therefore get the Migrations API that it comes with, but I've found it very painful in practice - all your entity classes will require member val get set
style properties (I believe) and various other bits and pieces. Jamie Dixon did a blog post on this some months ago around the same time I was experimenting with it - I did not enjoy it!
To be honest, although this isn't a great answer for you given what you're asking for i.e. DB schema management in F# - I would recommend that you use something like VS Database Projects to manage your schema outside of your code, and use (yes) either one of the SQL Type Providers to manage data within your application.
If you're dead set on using a "schema migration in code" system, EF plays much better with C# in my experience, so you could experiment theoretically with e.g. a C# / EF data access project referenced by your F# application code.
Sorry.