Most efficient way to prepend a value to an array

With ES6, you can now use the spread operator to create a new array with your new elements inserted before the original elements.

// Prepend a single item.
const a = [1, 2, 3];
console.log([0, ...a]);

// Prepend an array.
const a = [2, 3];
const b = [0, 1];
console.log([...b, ...a]);

Update 2018-08-17: Performance

I intended this answer to present an alternative syntax that I think is more memorable and concise. It should be noted that according to some benchmarks (see this other answer), this syntax is significantly slower. This is probably not going to matter unless you are doing many of these operations in a loop.

I'm not sure about more efficient in terms of big-O but certainly using the unshift method is more concise:

var a = [1, 2, 3, 4];
a.unshift(0);
// => [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
console.log({a});

[Edit]

This jsPerf benchmark shows that unshift is decently faster in at least a couple of browsers, regardless of possibly different big-O performance if you are ok with modifying the array in-place. If you really can't mutate the original array then you would do something like the below snippet, which doesn't seem to be appreciably faster than your solution:

a.slice().unshift(0); // Use "slice" to avoid mutating "a".

[Edit 2]

For completeness, the following function can be used instead of OP's example prependArray(...) to take advantage of the Array unshift(...) method:

function prepend(value, array) {
  var newArray = array.slice();
  newArray.unshift(value);
  return newArray;
}

var x = [1, 2, 3];
var y = prepend(0, x);
// x => [1, 2, 3];
// y => [0, 1, 2, 3];
console.log({ x, y });