My professor skipped me on Christmas bonus payment

I think you need a more serious conversation with your advisor. You need to know if he is unhappy with your performance and if there are things you need to do to improve it. If the answer is no, then you can bring up that you didn't get a bonus. Perhaps it was a clerical issue or an issue in the delivery. But if you are not meeting expectations it would be a time for reflection.

But asking about your performance rather than your bonus would show some sense of seriousness about your work.

I would definitely have a meeting with your advisor to weave this into the discussion. Many years ago (1974) in graduate school I received a poor grade on a test, lower than other classmates. Our marked-up exams were returned to us and a friend and I compared our marked-up exams; mine had fewer negative comments than hers. I met with the professor, took in my marked-up exam, and asked about the grade. Turns out she had mis-recorded the grade (an honest mistake), apologized profusely, and change my grade.

This is most certainly a mistake. I doubt that you could possibly go from "excellent performance" to being the only one not receiving a bonus in just one year. And if somehow you managed to mess up this severely, then there is no way your advisor did not communicate this clearly to you several times (There might even be legal implications in this case). So no need to worry.

Talk to your advisor or send an informal e-mail, and simply state that you did not receive the bonus and kindly ask him to check if there was any error in the processing. In contrast to what other answers suggest, there is no need to completely question your self-assessment of your performance.