NLog not writing debug messages
The reason that you are not able to get Debug is that debug is the lowest level log level just add following tag in rules tag in nlog.config file.
<logger name="*" minlevel="Debug" writeTo="console" />
You are using 3 different log targets.
Database target is set to Info level, so debug messages are not going there. File target accepts only Error messages (and higher) so there will not be any debug either.
The last target Console is the one where debug mesages should be looged to. But as I see it you didn't set layout of the message. Try to look at this documentation. It says that layout is a required field.
Also I would suggest you temporarily set additional File target and set it to accept debug messages.